Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction Essay

Choosing and Implementing Strategies of Instruction - Essay Example With regards to the national level the administration ought to guarantee that all the instructors rendering their administrations ought to have accomplished and qualified with the correct details as educators and that they meet all the conditions expected by the framework. This ought to be checked by the educators giving authoritative archives to demonstrate they have met the states of the activity. There ought to be a body managing this and it ought to be a procedure. The educator ought to be surveyed by a certified staff before been provided the activity so as to affirm for all intents and purposes that they merit or don't merit the activity. There ought to be a few guidelines that administer the educators that before they train a specific level they ought to have procured a few determinations or perhaps have some understanding. This procedure ought to be a prerequisite before making sure about the activity as an instructor and the explanation unto why alert is required around ther e is a result of the affectability of training. This is a territory that addresses practically all the parts of life for instance wellbeing and horticulture and these territories need legitimate consideration when dealing with them. Essentially we can say instruction is a crucial thing in a general public so it ought to be paid attention to. The confirmation of educators will ensure that the nation produces qualified individuals in the general public with great qualities and will dispense with inadequate work force from deluding the students.Teaching is anything but an arbitrary activity (Peter,

Bills Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words

Bills Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words Presentation This treatise offers an exhaustive study of the exercise educated by Bill, the educator, in a rudimentary study hall. The exercise is tied in with talking and way to express English words by students who are figuring out how to talk in English.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Bill’s Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bill utilizes the exchange outline as the essential instrument for working on talking and articulation in the multicultural class condition. Bill additionally utilizes the white board in an intelligent exercise conveyance way to deal with the youthful grown-up students. The exercise in educated in English language using profitable and open aptitudes by means of the ESA model of exercise conveyance. Bill’s exercise was flawless since it was calculated on complete student commitment in an intelligent procedure that suits the adapting needs of every un derstudy. Toward the finish of the exercise, the students demonstrated competency in talking and articulating the English words instructed in the most proper way. Hypothesis The whole system of Bill’s exercise in dependent on the inductive methodology. Bill starts the intriguing exercise through showing arrangement of outward appearances that portrays changed dispositions after which the students are required to talk before he offers the right elocution and clarification. This methodology works superbly in the basic class as all the students are locked in and appears to be extremely intrigued by what Bill needs to state straightaway. This methodology may likewise be alluded to as the Practice, Production, and Presentation Model as the focal point of the exercise is on the capacity to appropriately articulate and express some English words with the correct tone (Harmer, 2007).Advertising Looking for basic composition on dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Explicit Talk about Language The exercise conveyed by Bill was made to test elocution and perusing aptitudes among the students of English as an optional language. The exercise was conveyed in a dynamic way inside the Practice, Production, and Presentation model. The students appeared to appreciate the subject and were completely connected with from the earliest starting point as far as possible since Bill’s style of exercise conveyance was portrayed by amusingness and utilization of down to earth models. The articulation was made extremely straightforward through use of tonal variety to make distinctive importance for words in a sentence. Bill utilized the case of depicting an involvement with the film corridor through individual reflection about quick condition and events during the occasion. This offers Bill the chance to present distinctive graphic words since the students could identify with the point (Harmer, 2007). As the ex ercise started, Bill permitted the students to peruse the words composed on the whiteboard without contribution. Bill was excited about permitting the students to articulate the words with occasional interferences at whatever point he saw net incorrect spelling since the exercise was centered around checking the learners’ capacity to effectively articulate a few words and read them appropriately. As showed by Harmer (2007), permitting students to articulate words all alone without consistent interference is instrumental towards building the fearlessness and oral capability of the understudies. In spite of the fact that Bill empowers free investment of the considerable number of students, he is mindful so as to apply the guided cooperation way to deal with guarantee that the students stay objective in contributing in the class.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Bill’s Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In request to shield students from feeling strange, the exercise objective embraces a comprehensive instruction and intelligent exercise meeting where each understudy is relied upon to contribute similarly. During the down to earth appraisal of the students through direct interest, Bill was mindful so as to match the students and gives space for higher Student Talking Time (STT) while controlling the Teacher Talking Time (TTT). Bill was effective in guaranteeing that each student takes an interest in the STT. Through portrayal of how every student spent their past night, the certainty level of every student was solid as they unreservedly communicate with their articulation aptitudes (Harmer, 2007). The educator is mindful so as to manage the students when he proposes the STT. The achievement of Bill’s exercise could be ascribed to his capacity to give clear directions, utilization of guided cooperation, and proactive conveyance strategies. The focal point of Bill’s exercise caught arrangement of ideas on articulation and talking about various English words inside the privilege tonal varieties. Through utilization of the film understanding, Bill had the option to present diverse tonal varieties in articulating certain words that have various implications. Sprout illustrated the pecking order of psychological targets of learning; from easy to perplexing as information (recollecting data), appreciation (capacity to obtain importance from the data), application (capacity to utilize the data), investigation (capacity to break data into parts to comprehend it better), blend (capacity to combined materials together to make something new), and assessment (capacity to check, judge, and study materials) (Harmer, 2007). Because of bilingual nature of students in this class, a few instructional difficulties were experienced by Bill during the time spent actualizing the exercise destinations. In the first place, essential comprehens ion of English as a craftsmanship changed among.Advertising Searching for basic composition on dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Along these lines, it was critical to consolidate straightforward English jargon and sentence structure in clarifying a few words utilized in the class. The exercise received a handy, intelligent, and comprehensive figuring out how to limit effect of the above hindrances. Notwithstanding STT learning, Bill applied cheat sheets, sign reaction drill, and conceptualize to instruct jargon to the students. For example, Bill continually utilized diverse outward appearances to depict their implications, for example, bitterness, grin, and joy among others. Additionally, Bill trained the students to apply the discourse reproduction through oral introduction. While adjusting the missteps made by the students (failure to accurately utilize present and past tenses), Bill utilizes oral introduction to guarantee that the understudies disguise development of various English words and expressions (Harmer, 2007). What's more, Bill has been effective in applying the reiteration way to deal with improv e the memory of the students through rehashed way to express certain words. Through focusing on certain words and adjusting the pitch in application, Bill was effective in applying the more liberated and controlled practices in conveying the exercise. The teacher’s job The exercise conveyed by Bill was methodicallly organized and conveyed in a diverting manner to amplify level of student commitment. As the teacher, Bill was clear, viable, and centered in conveying the exercise content through the STT group. Bill doesn't avoid the intuitive learning. Also, Bill utilizes outward appearances and useful guides to guarantee that the exercise in a triumph. Consideration Bill applied cheat sheets, sign reaction drill, and conceptualize systems to show the students on appropriate elocution and talking right English. Through the whiteboard, Bill had the option to apply the Presentation, Practice, and Production way to deal with guarantee that the STT is expanded. Closing Sentence The exercise conveyed by Bill is an ideal case of an elocution and perusing class that shows the hugeness of STT and PPT in exercise conveyance as a component of framework learning in a powerful study hall condition. Reference Harmer, J. (2007). The act of English language educating (fourth ed.). Harlow, UK: Pearsons Longman.

Zimbardos Stanford Prison Experiment

Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment Theories Behavioral Psychology Print The Stanford Prison Experiment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 25, 2019 Darrin Klimek / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Participants Setting and Procedure Results Criticism View All Back To Top In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues set out to create an experiment that looked at the impact of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Known as the Stanford Prison Experiment, the study went on to become one of the best-known in psychologys history. Zimbardo, a former classmate of Stanley Milgram (who is best known for his famous obedience experiment, was interested in expanding upon Milgrams research. He wanted to investigate further the impact of situational variables on human behavior. The researchers wanted to know how the participants would react when placed in a simulated prison environment. Suppose you had only kids who were normally healthy, psychologically and physically, and they knew they would be going into a prison-like environment and that some of their civil rights would be sacrificed. Would those good people, put in that bad, evil placeâ€"would their goodness triumph? said Zimbardo in one interview.?? The Participants The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Stanford Universitys psychology building and then selected 24 undergraduate students to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The participants were chosen from a larger group of 70 volunteers because they had no criminal background, lacked psychological issues, and had no significant medical conditions. The volunteers agreed to participate during a one to two-week period in exchange for $15 a day. The Setting and Procedures The simulated prison included three six by nine-foot prison cells. Each cell held three prisoners and included three cots. Other rooms across from the cells were utilized for the jail guards and warden. One tiny space was designated as the solitary confinement room, and yet another small room served as the prison yard. The 24 volunteers were then randomly assigned to either the prisoner group or the guard group. Prisoners were to remain in the mock prison 24-hours a day during the study. Guards were assigned to work in three-man teams for eight-hour shifts. After each shift, guards were allowed to return to their homes until their next shift. Researchers were able to observe the behavior of the prisoners and guards using hidden cameras and microphones. Results of the Stanford Prison Experiment While the Stanford Prison Experiment was originally slated to last 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six due to what was happening to the student participants. The guards became abusive, and the prisoners began to show signs of extreme stress and anxiety. While the prisoners and guards were allowed to interact in any way they wanted, the interactions were hostile or even dehumanizing. The guards began to behave in ways that were aggressive and abusive toward the prisoners while the prisoners became passive and depressed. Five of the prisoners began to experience severe negative emotions, including crying and acute anxiety and had to be released from the study early. Even the researchers themselves began to lose sight of the reality of the situation. Zimbardo, who acted as the prison warden, overlooked the abusive behavior of the jail guards until graduate student Christina Maslach voiced objections to the conditions in the simulated prison and the morality of continuing the experiment. Only a few people were able to resist the situational temptations to yield to power and dominance while maintaining some semblance of morality and decency; obviously, I was not among that noble class, Zimbardo later wrote in his book The Lucifer Effect.?? What Do the Results of the Stanford Prison Experiment Mean? According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates the powerful role that the situation can play in human behavior. Because the guards were placed in a position of power, they began to behave in ways they would not usually act in their everyday lives or other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became passive and depressed. Criticisms of the Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment is frequently cited as an example of unethical research. The experiment could not be replicated by researchers today because it fails to meet the standards established by numerous ethical codes, including the Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association. Zimbardo acknowledges the ethical problems with the study, suggesting that although we ended the study a week earlier than planned, we did not end it soon enough.?? Other critics suggest that the study lacks generalizability due to a variety of factors. The unrepresentative sample of participants (mostly white and middle-class males) makes it difficult to apply the results to a wider population. The study is also criticized for its lack of ecological validity. While the researchers did their best to recreate a prison setting, it is simply not possible to perfectly mimic all of the environmental and situational variables of prison life. Despite some of the criticism, the Stanford Prison Experiment remains an important study in our understanding of how the situation can influence human behavior. The study recently garnered attention after reports of the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuses in Iraq became known. Many people, including Zimbardo himself, suggest that the abuses at Abu Ghraib might be real-world examples of the same results observed in Zimbardos experiment. The Stanford Prison Experiment: 40 Years Later In 2011, the Stanford Alumni Magazine featured a fascinating retrospective of the famous Stanford Prison Experiment in honor of the experiment’s 40th anniversary. The article contained interviews with several people involved in the experiment, including Zimbardo and other researchers as well as some of the participants in the study.?? Richard Yacco was one of the prisoners in the experiment and now works as a public school teacher. He offered some interesting insights into his experience: One thing that I thought was interesting about the experiment was whether, if you believe society has assigned you a role, do you then assume the characteristics of that role? I teach at an inner-city high school in Oakland. These kids dont have to go through experiments to witness horrible things. But what frustrates my colleagues and me is that we are creating great opportunities for these kids, we offer great support for them, why are they not taking advantage of it? Why are they dropping out of school? Why are they coming to school unprepared? I think a big reason is what the prison study showsâ€"they fall into the role their society has made for them.Participating in the Stanford Prison Experiment is something I can use and share with students. This was one week of my life when I was a teenager and yet here it is, 40 years later, and its still something that had enough of an impact on society that people are still interested in it. You never know what youre going to get involved in that will turn out to be a defining moment in your life. In 2015, the experiment became the topic of a feature film titled The Stanford Prison Experiment that dramatized the events of the 1971 study.

Why Don t More Men Make Their Own Sandwiches - 1104 Words

Why don t more men make their own sandwiches? An evolutionary perspective on the sexual division of labour and the feminization of domestic labour Alice Miao Introduction Sexual division of labour refers to the different tasks delegated to men and women in a society. It has persisted in throughout human history, and one of the modern manifestations is the cross-cultural observation that women do the lion’s share of domestic labour. How can our evolutionary past help us understand the roles of the men and women in the home today? Division of labour by society Hunter-Gatherer Steve Kuhn suggests that a flexible division of labour evolved in the Upper Paleolithic.2 There was a tendency towards â€Å"man the hunter† and â€Å"woman the gatherer†,†¦show more content†¦It was thought that the â€Å"public sphere† (including political leadership and participation) belonged to men, the breadwinners, whereas the â€Å"domestic sphere† belonged to women, the homemakers. There was little flexibility in the corresponding socialization that prepared children to take on their predetermined roles in society. Fig. 1. A man returns to a home in shambles after his wife decides that women should be able to vote Fig. 2. A caveman uses sexual division of labour to help him identify which restroom to use. Are there evolutionary advantages? There are numerous hypotheses that, although not mutually exclusive, provide different perspectives on the answer. Specialization/Cooperation Hypothesis This is one of the most common explanations for the evolution of division of labour. It states that when men and women split their tasks, they are able to achieve a higher overall provisioning rate for their family, increasing offspring survival. Steve Kuhn suggests that this increased efficiency in accessing food sources in hunter-gatherer societies allowed H. sapiens to outcompete Neanderthals.1 Hunter-gatherer societies with division of labour were also thought to eat a more well-balanced diet, also increasing offspring survival.4 Conflict Hypothesis Another explanation has been suggested based on sexual conflict in

Mencius’ Concept of Rulership - 2291 Words

Mencius is one of the most famous philosophers in Chinese history. He lived at a time when wars and conflicts in China were very common. Different kingdoms waged war against each other for the expansion of their own territory. Rebellion was also common as the subjects made attempts to topple their abusive and cruel ruler. In view of the importance of managing states and winning wars for expanding the territory of rulers, heads of states consulted known philosophers and intellectuals like Mencius whose wisdom proved to be vital in their rule. This essay seeks to discuss Mencius’ concept of ruler-ship and what to the mind of Mencius constitutes the best and most effective ruler. Initially, Mencius separates society into two classes of†¦show more content†¦He said â€Å"It is a case of people’s weakness rather than their willing compliance where force is used to subjugate them. But it is with happiness with their hearts and a sincere willingness to comply w here virtue is used to win them over. This was the way in which seventy disciples submitted to Confucius.† (Meng-Tszu) If rulers lead their people with an iron fist then the ruler will not win the loyalty and love of the people An excellent ruler has humility and kindness. This means that he has pity on his followers and he cannot bear to see the suffering of his own people. He makes every effort to make the lives of the people better through effective governance and service. An excellent ruler is always concerned about the welfare of his people and mindful of what is best for them. An effective leader is not ruthless, cunning or deceiving. An excellent ruler does not need to be feared in order to be obeyed by his ruler. He does not punish his people simply because he wants to punish them. Whenever it is necessary to punish individuals who committed a crime due caution should be applied so that the criminal is punished only to the extent necessary to redress the crime he committed. Mencius thought that punishment is essentially ineffective in regulating human behavior. Rather, what is more effective is the ruler’s good example to his people. Mencius said â€Å"When one by force subdues men, they do not submit to him in heart. They

Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh Free Essays

string(117) " on earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystem, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it\." Shipbreaking Activities in Bangladesh and collision of Marine Biodiversity Prabal Barua Associate Program Officer YPSA The marine environment of the coastal water is vital to mankind on a global as well as on local basis concerning energy. Man is becoming a dominant part of the ecosystem in many regions, due to his various uses of the marine environment. So the health of marine ecosystem is an important factor in man own existence. We will write a custom essay sample on Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Bay of Bengal which is a potential bode of marine life as well as for it’s vast coastal communities is now continually polluted by different types of pollutant through influx of land base and other sources and put an alarming signal of awareness about pollution in the sea. The coastal areas of Chittagong Support a complex trophic organization sustain a high biodiversity including some endemic species and are highly susceptible to interference from activities. Coastal ecosystem makes a sustainable livelihood particularly to coastal fishing communities. Ship breaking yards along the coast of Chittagong (Faujdarhat to Kumira) has become a paramount importance in the macro-and micro-economic context of poverty- stricken Bangladesh. Shipbreaking activities present both challenge and opportunity for coastal zone management in holistic manner. The history of ship breaking is as nearly old as shipbuilding. As we know that a ship is relatively a large vessel capable of operating in the deep ocean. The term ‘vessels’ applies to the vessels of over 5000 tons and that can navigate in open seas. In Bangladesh ship breaking is popularly known as ‘Beaching’. Ship breaking started as a business in Bangladesh in 1972. Prior to that, 2/3 ships were scrapped during Pakistan period. It started automatically when a 20000 DWT vessel was drive ashore by the devastating tidal bore of 1965. That was the first ship scrapped on the 2 Chittagong sea beach. At present, ship breaking is conducted in an area of about 10 km by 32 out of 110 ship Breaking yards from Bhatiari, Sonaichhari, kumira under the Sitakunda upazilla of Chittagong. The Department of Environment (DoE) has categorized the Ship Breaking Industry (SBI) as ‘Red’ in 1995(EIA guidelines for the Industries, 1997). The Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is not conducted before the establishment of SBI. As there is no monitoring cell, the Shipyard owners are operating their business overwhelmingly as well as indiscriminately. They are less conscious about hazards, toxicity and environmental pollution whereas more conscious about their benefit. Wastes of the scrapped ships are discharged directly into its adjacent areas which are ultimately draining into the Bay of Bengal. These wastes especially oil and oily substances, PCBs, TBTs, PAHs etc. and different types of trace and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) are being accumulated into the marine biota. As a result, marine fisheries diversity of the Chittagong coast that supports highly diversified marine water fishes, mollusks and benthic organisms etc. is at the stake right at this moment. Moreover the Coastal inhabitants/fisher folks lead not only their livelihoods but also solely depend on the coastal resources for their protein source. The CPUE (Catch Per Unit effort) has drastically been reduced to more than half comparatively of a few decades ago. As a consequence, the coastal fisher folks are at the stake of their existence. They are either leaving their hereditary profession or migrating to other places and becoming ‘environmental refugees’. That is why their socio-economic status is below the poverty level. There are few studies was done to find out the linkage between Ship breaking activity (SBA) and the marine pollution, impact on fisheries biodiversity and livelihoods of the fishermen community. In those researches, investigators considered Bhatiary to Kumira as affected area and Sandwip Island as control area from the shipbreaking activity. The eastern side of Sandwip has been considered as control site because these are diagonally opposite and off the SBYs and the water and soil qualities are apparently free from pollutants as revealed from the earlier studies. From the previous analysis we found that trace metals concentration in sediments at shipbreaking area are so much higher than recommendation by GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution). But the researchers found that Sandwip which is significantly very lower than that of sediments at affected area. The values of Lead (Pb), Cadmium(Cd) and Mercury(Hg) found six and half; eight and half and ninety four times higher than that of certified values respectively. These could be attributed to the combined effects of oil and oil spillage, petroleum hydrocarbons from ships, tankers, mechanized boats etc. During the investigation all the researcher found water qualities such as Hydrogen Ion H Concentration (p ), Dissolve Oxygen (D. O), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B. O. D), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C. O. D), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Oil and Ammonia (NH3) were concentrated as a higher value in affected area than control area according to the standard value of water quality for the coastal water of Bangladesh (EQS, 1991). All the parameters observed such a higher that they exceeded the value of EQS. But the water parameters in Sandwip channel were optimum and near to the value of EQS standard. Water qualities in affected area exceeded the EQS standard which reveals that the water body of the adjacent area of ship breaking yards is not suitable for the existence of flora and fauna. The higher concentration was due to the discharge of various refuse oils and oily substances, dyes, chemicals, iron pieces, various types of metal rusts, solids, dyes, erosion of soil dust etc. from the ship breaking yards. Pollutants are also discharged from the Sitakunda industrial area into the run-off open to the Bay. Impact of Marine Biodiversity: Biodiversity, which is sort for biological diversity, is the term used to describe the whole variety of life on earth. In popular usage, the word biodiversity is often used to describe all the species living in a particular area. Biodiversity can be summarized as â€Å"Life on earth. † It is defined as â€Å" The varieties of life on earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystem, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it. You read "Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh" in category "Essay examples" † The total biodiversity of an area can be broken down into two hierarchical components: the number of functional types of organisms (animals and plants) or ecosystems (forest, prairie, tundra and marine intertidal) and the number of functionally equivalent organisms within each functional type. There are three types of aspects to biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity. All three interact and change over time and from place to place. Phytoplankton is the primary food producers of the aquatic habitat and plays an important role in the food chain. Phytoplankton is the best index of the biological productivity. Analysis of phytoplankton showed that during monsoon, Aanabaena , Clostratrum(10. 98%) and Coscinodiscus(21. 97%), Euglena (9. 89%) and Zygnema (30. 76%) and during post monsoon Coscinodiscus (97. 5%) and Euglena (2. 5%) dominated in the affected site. In the control site of Sandwip, these were dominated as 30. 41%, 19. 46%; 17. 03%; 9. 73%; 23. 35% in the monsoon and 94. 73% and 5. 26% respectively in the post monsoon. Throughout the study period the abundance of phytoplankton at affected site was 91 cells/ l in monsoon season and 80 cells/ l in post monsoon season and in control site it was 411 cells/l in monsoon season and 190 cells / l in post monsoon season. Drifting small floating animals, in the water body are collectively known as zooplankton on which the whole aquatic life depends directly or indirectly. As zooplankton is very sensitive to optimum condition, so the coastal pollution due to ship breaking activities may have profound affects on its survival and occurrence. Analysis of zooplankton showed that Calanoida, Cyclopedia, Sagitta, Lucifer etc in the monsoon and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp; Lucifer and Zoea in the post monsoon were dominated in the affected site as revealed during zooplankton analysis whereas in the control site the dominant zooplankton were found as Calanoida, Cylpclpedia, Sagitta and Zoea during the post monsoon and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp, Lucifer, Cladocera and Zoea in the post monsoon respectively. The bottom living organisms –the benthos play an important role in the food chain especially in the inter tidal zone and it is also well recognized that the richest fisheries of the world are closely related to the benthic communities. Among the macro benthos, Amphipods, Polychaetes, Nemertina and Fish egg in the monsoon and Nemertina, Cladocera, Cyclopoida and Calanoida were found to be dominated at the affected site. But at the control site, Amphipod, Polychaete, Nemertina, Fish egg during the monsoon and Cladocera, Nemertina , Calanoida and Polychaete in the post monsoon were dominated So, the abundance of macro benthos in affected site was 118. 46 ind. / m3 in monsoon season and 4186. 74 ind. / m3 in post monsoon season, while in in the control site 368. 28 ind. / m3 in monsoon season and 14204. 41 ind. / m3 in post monsoon season. The fishery resources of the area seems to be affected by the ship breaking activities as revealed by increased fishing efforts, reduced species diversity, increased amount of trash fish. Horizontal expansion of the ship breaking yards has posed threat not only to the diversified coastal resources but also on the adjacent coastal inhabitants specially the fisher folks. The fishing hamlets of this study were found backward in the field of primary education and health that are the basic needs for them. Communication and drinking water supply were observed satisfactory but the sanitation status was found to be very poor. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) study showed that about 90% of them were local and full time fishermen and 10% were migratory of different districts including Bhola, Barisal, Mymensingh and others. The fisher folks are dissatisfied with different NGO activities working in this area. No government aid was found to be available for the welfare of fishermen communities. The catch has declined in the tune of at least 50 to 60% of what was two decades ago. This incident has got serious implication in the context of survival of such a disgraced community. It was found that about 70% of the fishermen had either nets or boats or both of them. They use both mechanized and non-mechanized boats and some traditional fishing crafts (Dinghi) for fishing. Among the fishing nets Set Beg Net (Behundi Jal) and Gill Net (Ilish Jal) were found to be widely used. Though the gears are available for fishing, they can catch a very little amount in every effort. They uniquely reported that the fish catch had been reduced more than half of the previous time. Analysis of catch composition indicates that some commercially important fishes like Indian salmon (Polynemus indicus) commonly known as Lakhua, grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) known as bole coral; Long jew fish (Otolithoides brunneus) locally known as lombu fish; spanish mackerel (Cybium guttatum) known as maitta and butter fish (Psenes indicus) etc are in endangered position. Some other commercially important fishes like River shad (Tenualusa ilisha) Jwelled shad (Ilisha filigera) locally known as choikka; mud skipper (Gobies); mango fish (Polynemus paradysius) known as ‘Hriska Machh’; silver pomfret (Stromateus chinensis); bombay duck (Herpodon nehereus); mullet ( Mugil cephalus); Sea bass (Lates calcarifer); Anchovy(Coilia dussumeri; Coilia ramkorati; Setipinna taty) etc are reduced in catch. Many coastal fishermen are leaving their hereditary profession and moving around everyday as ‘environmental refugees’ from a state of unemployed and poverty to underemployment and grim poverty. Due to the deterioration of the water body, fishes are moving away from this area into the deep sea. But the poor fishermen with small fishing boats can hardly fish at deep seas the creditors and swindlers are taking this chances and rush to lend money and thus make them run into debt. The fishermen also reported that while they catch fish at sea they face piracy. They also face the muscle man, middle man and swindlers when they return with fewer amounts of fish.. These criminals snatch away the fishes forcefully. The fishermen are exploited by the dealers in dadon (earnest money). It is made obligatory that the middleman determines the price of fish in the season of fish. They are to sell fish to the lenders at a nominal or throwaway price. The middlemen indulge in maintaining miscreants to exercise their authority over them. Before the season of fish they borrow 4/5 thousand Taka from the dadonders (Buyers cum earnest money lenders) to repair the boat which lead them run into debt. Generally the months of MarchApril-May (Falgoon-Chaitra-Baishakh) are the â€Å"season of scarcity† as reported by the fishermen during PRA survey. At this time they require at least Tk. 4000/5000 to repair their boats, nets and for other incidental expenses. Most of the fishermen opined that Ship Breaking Activity (SBA) creates problems to them and the rest did not respond. Besides, 90% of the villagers of the vicinity were anxious about their existence in future. Their nets for the catching fish become stuck with oil and impurities. They suffer from respiratory difficulties, sonic booms, explosions, lightning, fumes, toxic chemicals and skin diseases. It is clear from the sociological study that coastal fish species diversity has been reduced due to the ship breaking activities. The fishermen’s hereditary profession is now at the vulnerable position due to the Ship Breaking Activity (SBA); less access to credit etc. But the most interesting thing is that they are not conscious about their rights and deprivation. The increasing SBA is depleting the fishery resources which simultaneously decreasing catch per unit effort (CPUE). So this trend is provoking the fisher folks to change their livelihoods for what they never feel comfort and safe. Land grabbing by the yard owners also occurs sometime. Expansion of the yard shrinks the area of the fishing villages. They have to leave their space with a very nominal price. They have rights over only 200 feet of the seashore where they dry nets and anchor boats. Erosion of the village by sea wave action threatened the fishing village’s decade after decade. It started in sixties and nearly half a kilometer of the village has disappeared into the sea. Now at least 20,000 people engaged in catching fish are at the stake of their existence. Bangladesh is a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992 and the Biosafety Protocol. Bangladesh is also a party to the Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and Flora (CITES). Bangladesh has a Marine Fisheries Ordinance 1983 (ordinance No XXXV) and under this ordinance government may declare any area of Bangladesh fisheries waters and any adjacent or surrounding land to be a marine reserve (Part VII). So, if government will declare Sandwip channel and its adjacent area as a marine reserve area for fisheries biodiversity it will be. Besides, there are many laws, rules and polices in Bangladesh to conserve marine biodiversity such as The territorial water and maritime zones act (1974) and rules (1977), The forest act (1917), Environment Conservation Act (1995), Protection and Conservation of Fish rules (1985), national fish policy (1996), the water policy (1999), the environment policy (1992). If we conserve our diversify marine biodiversity it will be urgent need to establish environment friendly Shipbreaking activity in Bangladesh. Related article: Padma Bridge How to cite Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh, Essay examples

Strategies adopted by Matsushita and Philips

In their initial stages of internationalization, Matsushita involved other local companies to merchandise their products. The company had not established international distribution centers and hence had to collaborate with local distributors from prospective nations. After some time, their products were gaining popularity, which prompted them to obtain distribution licenses. It was also necessary for them to employ local traders to facilitate the distribution as they had little understanding of the local market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies adopted by Matsushita and Philips specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Philips on the other hand established its international brands by having similar names for other branches. The company established British Philips and American Philips. The company only had to establish its brand names and adopt a similar production strategy. The two companies differed in strategi es mainly because of their international acceptability and their market share. From the analysis, it is clear that by the time Philips was launching its products internationally, its market had already accepted the products. Matsushita on the other hand had to employ a lot of marketing strategy internationally to attain recognition. Strategies Implemented by Matsushita and Philips The current strategies employed by Matsushita and Philips are to cope with tight competition from other companies. For instance, for the past two decades Philips has faced a lot of competition especially in the international market. This has led to losses especially on their products, which led to the loss of consumer taste thereby leading to the disbandment of the products. The operating cost of their international branches became more than the profits they obtained. This is mainly because of local brands that are preferred due to their lower costs. The company is hence obliged to produce exceptionally hi gh quality goods and close some of its distribution centers to minimize on the running cost. Matsushita on the other hand decided to employ Japanese managers with the hope of bringing in new ideas. Being an electronic company, Matsushita recognized the technological goodwill that Japan had internationally and realized how such expertise will market them. The Japanese manage most of the companies’ international branches. These strategies have worked well for the companies and enabled them retain a share in the market. The companies however have to venture into continuous marketing research to ensure they are at par with current trends (Chandler 2005). The greatest challenges for implementing this strategic shift faced by managers at Matsushita and Philips The greatest challenge facing Matsushita and Philips is competition from local companies. With improvements in technology and the need for electronic products both locally and internationally, local companies have come up wit h a cheaper version of the products (Rodiek 2007). Despite the fact that they are not of high quality, they are preferred because of their cheap price. Another major challenge faced by the companies is the introduction of counterfeits.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some local companies are coming up with fake products with the brand name of Matsushita and Philips and selling them to unsuspecting customers. They sell them at a cheaper price than the originals and hence attracting more customers. The illiteracy among the company’s customers has jeopardized the efforts by the companies to educate the public on their original products. Most of them do not know how to differentiate between the original and counterfeit products (Great Britain. Dept. of Trade and Industry 1979). The companies will have to keep investing in extensive marketing as well as advertisements. Dyn amism is also necessary in ensuring that what they are producing is according to the current tastes of customers. References Chandler, A. (2005). Inventing the electronic century: the epic story of the consumer electronics and computer industries: with a new preface. London: Harvard University Press. Great Britain. Dept. of Trade and Industry. Trade and industry, Volume 36. (1979). Michigan: H. M. Stationery Off. Rodiek, C. (2007). Assessment of the Internal Environment of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. New York: Publisher GRIN Verlag. This essay on Strategies adopted by Matsushita and Philips was written and submitted by user GwenStacy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.